The causes of gestational diabetes, what are the symptoms, and how to prevent it
What is gestational diabetes?
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Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar in a pregnant woman who has not been diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy, and it is like any other type of sugar and may affect pregnancy and the health of the fetus.
Symptoms of gestational diabetes appear at any stage of pregnancy, but it is more common in the second or third trimester and is usually diagnosed between the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes occurs because the body does not secrete enough of the insulin hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar, and it can be controlled by eating a balanced and healthy diet and exercising, and in some cases, some pregnant women need to take insulin injections or take medications for this disease.
Causes of gestational diabetes
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Studies and research have not identified the direct cause of diabetes in pregnant women, but excess weight before pregnancy usually affects the possibility of developing gestational diabetes, and also hormonal changes during pregnancy have a role in influencing the efficient regulation of blood sugar, and as a result, there is a rise in the level of sugar in the blood. the blood.
Symptoms of gestational diabetes
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Gestational diabetes usually does not cause any noticeable symptoms, but there are some symptoms that may appear in some pregnant women, such as:
frequent urination.
Excessive thirst.
Blurred vision.
Nausea.
Frequent infections of the bladder, skin, and vagina.
Complications of gestational diabetes on the infant and the mother
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Baby weight gain at birth.
premature birth "before the due date".
He may have breathing difficulties that may reach the dangerous stage.
Child exposure to type 2 diabetes at later stages of life.
Exposure to obesity in the child in the later stages of his life.
Eclampsia.
The birth of a stillborn child.
Difficulty giving birth, or having to have a cesarean section.
The mother may develop type 2 diabetes in later stages after giving birth.
High blood pressure may threaten the life of both the mother and fetus
Risks of gestational diabetes to the mother
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It works to increase the water around the fetus and cause premature birth.
Heavy bleeding during childbirth.
It causes chronic kidney disease.
Exhaustion and severe fatigue during pregnancy.
It may lead to miscarriage in some cases
Risks of gestational diabetes to the fetus
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Poor growth of the fetus inside the womb.
lack of calcium.
May cause birth defects.
The child was severely weakened.
Gestational diabetes treatment
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Ways to control blood sugar levels during pregnancy and when you have gestational diabetes include:
Eat a healthy, balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
Exercising regularly, to control high blood glucose, as exercise stimulates the use of glucose by cells as an energy source and increases their sensitivity to the hormone insulin.
Monitor your blood sugar level 4 times daily, or as recommended by your doctor
In some cases, diet and exercise are not sufficient to maintain the normal level of blood sugar, so the doctor may add insulin injections to the treatment plan, and then a diet must be established that is commensurate with insulin doses to avoid hypoglycemia in the pregnant woman.
Gestational diabetes treatment aims to maintain normal levels of blood sugar in the pregnant woman, as follows:
Fasting blood glucose levels: less than 95 mg/dL.
Blood glucose levels two hours after eating: less than 120 mg/dL.
Cumulative blood sugar analysis (HbA1c): less than 6.5%.
How to prevent gestational diabetes
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Exercising or doing physical activity constantly, in order to control the levels of glucose in the blood, and examples of some types of sports that can be practiced during pregnancy, such as walking, yoga, and aerobic sports for a period not exceeding 30 or 40 minutes.
Follow a healthy and balanced diet, by reducing sweets and carbohydrates and focusing on vegetables and fruits, which are a source of fiber, and it is preferable before following any dietitian review system.
Beginning pregnancy at a healthy weight to avoid any complications during pregnancy.
Follow-up and visit the doctor during the entire pregnancy, as it is one of the ways to
prevent gestational diabetes.
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